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1). U. S. Coast Guard - A Historical Overview - part three
National tariffs did not go unchallenged. In 1832, South Carolina tried to nullify these laws. President Andrew Jackson ordered five cutters to Charleston Harbor "to take possession of any vessels arriving from a foreign port, and defend her against any attempts to dispossess the Customs Officers of her custody." He added, "if a single drop of blood shall be shed there in opposition to the laws of the United States, I will hang the first man I can lay my hands on, upon the first tree I can reach.
2). United states coast guard history in the columbia river area
1850 The first navigation buoys were placed in the channel between the Columbia River bar and Astoria.
1853 September 18 -- The ship ORIOLE arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River with materials for the Cape Disappointment Light, but went aground and was a total loss.
1856 March 20 -- The Revenue Cutter JOSEPH LANE was stationed at Astoria.
October 15 --Cape Disappointment Light was first lit at a cost of $38,500.
3). Rum War:The U.S. Coast Guard & Prohibition part IV
1930-1933:The demise of Prohibition
The history of the Coast Guard role in Prohibition saw no outstanding developments in the last years of the law’s sway It remained a constant, sometimes niggling, battle of minor skirmishes. The numerical strength of the service continued to grow, though of course, not in leaps comparable to 1924 and 1925. By 1932, it was becoming obvious that repeal of the 18th amendment was coming, and some of the steam began to run out of enforcement efforts.
4). A History of Women in the Coast Guard part II
'Make a date with Uncle Sam'
During World War II more than 16 million men joined the armed forces - while the country's industrial and agricultural production had to increase. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, noting the examples provided early in the war by Great Britain and the Soviet Union, realized even before Pearl Harbor that women would have to play a major role in the U.
5). Out of Uniform:Civilians in the U.S. Coast Guard part II
Civilians throughout history
Building blocks of CG civilians today
The First Congress of the United States was less than four months old when, on Aug. 7, 1789, it appropriated funds for "the necessary support, maintenance and repairs of all lighthouses, beacons, buoys and public piers ... within any bay, inlet, harbor or port of the United States, for rendering the navigation thereof easy and safe.
6). The Coast Guard along the North Atlantic Coast part II
Revenue Marine builds steam
Throughout the 19th century. the United States became increasingly dependent upon the maritime industry. Land travel was difficult then. There were few railroads, and travel by horse or coach was slow and uncomfortable. As sturdier ships were built, more Americans traveled by sea and more cargo was shipped onboard vessels.
7). U. S. Coast Guard - A Historical Overview - part ten
Search and Rescue
Ever since man has gone down to the sea in ships, great risks have been run to rescue those in danger. To improve the possibility of success, responsibility had to be delineated and means appropriated. In 1831 the Secretary of the Treasury directed the revenue cutter Gallatin to cruise the coast in search of persons in distress. This was the first time a government agency was tasked specifically to search for those who might be in danger.
8). Uniforms of the U.S. Coast Guard part I
From the founding of the Revenue Service in 1790, to the present-day Coast Guard, the military aspect of the service has been unmistakable. Alexander Hamilton emphasized the need for commissioned officers in this naval service. Until the U.S. Navy was reestablished in 1797 - after being disbanded at the close of the American Revolution - the Revenue service was the nation's only naval entity and there was a definite need for visible symbols of authority.
9). Coast Guard Activities San Diego
A look at our history…
Coast Guard Activities San Diego began as a Coast Guard Air Patrol Detachment on May 4, 1934, for the purpose of preventing smuggling across the Mexican border. The primary mission soon expanded to include the saving of life and property, as the Coast Guard increasingly diverted patrolling aircraft for offshore search and rescue missions.
10). African americans in the lifesaving service
The African Americans employed by the Life-Saving Service were experienced fishermen and oystermen who had lived along the Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina Coasts. They were well-trained to handle boats and were knowledgeable of surf and sea. Upon clearance from the medical surgeon, these men were issued Articles of Engagements and became paid U.
11). History of the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary part V
The 1960s
Shortly after midnight on May 23, 1960 a seismic wave hit southern California. The resulting current surges tore piers loose on the Los Angeles waterfront and damaged boats in the harbor of San Diego. Coast Guard Auxiliarists provided assistance to over a hundred boaters that day.
By the early sixties the number of registered yachts and motorboats in the United States had surpassed five million, and membership in the Coast Guard Auxiliary had reached twenty-two thousand.
12). A History of Women in the Coast Guard part III
'I don't suppose you could take a letter'
The largest single employer of SPARs was headquarters, located in the former (and, according to rumor, condemned) Southern Railway Building at 1300 E Street in Washington. As the war went on, most of the clerical work in the eight-story structure came to be done by SPARs and female civilian employees.
Wartime Washington was hard pressed to find room for all the military women and civilian "government girls" who were crowding into the city.
13). Out of Uniform:Civilians in the U.S. Coast Guard part I
There are some 8,000 civilian members of the Coast Guard - 2,000 of whom are paid with non-appropriated funds - located in 100 different geographical locations and representing more than 280 different occupations. Their contributions are essential in supporting the Coast Guard mission. It is hoped that through the eyes and voices of various civilian members, a sense of the significant contributions and importance of all those serving "out of uniform" will be gained.
14). The Coast Guard along the North Atlantic Coast part III
Guardians of the Sea
The era of sail was ending with the close of the 1800s. The expansion of railroads reduced the coasting trade. Fewer sailing ships were built and technology made navigation safer. By World War I, steamships and motorboats, many equipped with wireless radios were common. The new century brought changes that would make Hamilton, Fraser and Kimball proud.
15). Alaska and Hawaii: A Brief History of U.S. Coast Guard Operations part II
The Revenue Cutter Service
The Revenue Cutter Service also greatly influenced the maritime history of these states. The Revenue Cutter Service’s largest role in the Pacific region came in Alaskan waters. After the Alaska purchase, the revenue cutter Lincoln transported officials to tour the vast new territory. The Bering Sea became the center of the service’s multifaceted duties in the north.
16). A History of the Coast Guard in the Southeast United States part I
For over two hundred years ships have sailed along the coasts of Delaware to the Chesapeake Bay to the low-lying sandy shores of Georgia. Within this area, lies a stretch of coastline that was greatly feared by even the most seasoned sailors for the hundreds of wrecks on its shores: the Outer Banks of North Carolina, called the "Graveyard of the Atlantic.
17). The coast guard at war part V
World War II
Following the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, the Coast Guard again carried out extensive patrols to enforce the neutrality proclaimed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on 5 September 1939. Port security began on 20 June 1940 when President Roosevelt invoked the Espionage Act of 1917, which governed the anchorage and movement of all ships in U.
18). The coast guard at war part VI
Korean War
Coast Guard military historyDuring the Korean War (1950-53), the Coast Guard performed a variety of tasks. After the start of the conflict, the Coast Guard established air detachments throughout the Pacific. These detachments, located at Sangley Point in the Philippines, Guam, Wake, Midway, Adak, and Barbers Point in the Hawaiian Islands conducted search and rescue to safeguard the tens of thousands of United Nations troops that were being airlifted across the Pacific.
19). Policy changes / major events & their influence on the missions & capabilities of the U.S. Coast guard and its predecessor services part I
Federal control of lighthouses, 1789
An Act of Congress (1 Stat. L., 53), only the ninth law passed by the newly created Congress of the United States and the first one to make any provisions for public work, created the Lighthouse Establishment as an administrative unit of the Federal Government, when it accepted title to, and joined jurisdiction over,.
20). History of the Coast Guard Reserve
The Coast Guard Reserve was established by the passage of the Coast Guard Reserve and Auxiliary Act of February 19, 1941. That act also established the Coast Guard Auxiliary under its present name (the Auxiliary had originally been called the ‘Coast Guard Reserve’). The new Coast Guard Reserve was modeled after the Naval Reserve as a military component.
21). African Americans in the United States Coast Guard part II
CAPTAIN MICHAEL A. HEALY, U.S. REVENUE CUTTER SERVICE
Captain Michael A. Healy, the only African American to have a command or commission in any of the Coast Guard’s predecessor services, commanded the cutter Bear from 1887 to 1895. Healy retired as the third highest-ranking officer from the Revenue Cutter Service.
One of ten children born in Macon, Georgia, to an Irish immigrant and a slave of mixed blood, Healy habitually ran away from school.
22). African american coast guardsmen in defense of america
The Coast Guard has served in every war from the American Revolution through the Persian Gulf Conflict. During World War I, 15 Coast Guard cutters, some 200 officers and 5,000 enlisted men went into action as part of the U. S. Navy. By World War II, the Coast Guard had 802 vessels, and its personnel manned 351 Navy and 288 Army craft. Shore stations increased from 1,096 to 1,774, and by the end of the War, Coast Guard personnel numbered 171,168.
23). Recipients of the Bronze Plaque of Merit ("A" Award)
The Plaque of Merit may be awarded by the Commandant or District Commanders "in recognition of extreme skill in performing an assist or rescue that involves risk to the Auxiliarist's life." The following are examples of the achievements that have been recognized by the "A" Award.
* Miguel A. Colorado. On October 27, 1953, Colorado rescued two survivors of a boat that had capsized off Caballo Blanco Reefs, Puerto Rico.
24). The Coast Guard & the Women's Reserve in World War II part I
The 1940s bring memories of tearful train-station good-byes, war bond drives, ration cards and much-feared telegrams. To the soldiers, sailors and airmen of that era, World War II was not just a far-off conflict, it was a reality. These young men were in the forefront in war-torn Europe and the battle grounds of the Pacific.
A photo of Coast Guard spars But for the women left behind, the reality of war was also close to home.
25). The Coast Guard & the Women's Reserve in World War II part II
Coast Guard begins recruiting black women
While the recruiting drive was moving forward, it wasn't until October 1944 that the Coast Guard authorized its recruiting officers to accept black women for enlistment, provided they were fully qualified.
This initiative came after a Department of the Navy directive. Because the officer training program for recruited civilians had come to a close, no civilian black women were accepted as officer candidates.
26). Protecting America’s Fisheries part II
Enforcement of the United Nations Moratorium on High Seas Drift Nets
The Coast Guard monitors a number of international agreements, treaties and conventions, including the UN moratorium on High Seas Drift Net Fishing. This indiscriminate fishing method uses large-scale drift nets, sometimes more than 25 miles in length. The nets have been banned on the high seas since 1991.
27). Rum War:The U.S. Coast Guard & Prohibition part II
1920 to 1925: From skirmishes to a major campaign
The history of the Coast Guard’s efforts to enforce Prohibition can be roughly divided in two, with the year 1925 as the chronological divider. Before this date, the service remained at nearly the same force level as 1920, despite the patently obvious deluge of illicit alcohol coming ashore.
After 1925, the majority of a quantum leap in equipment, ships, and men became operational, resulting in significantly more aggressive tactics in the rum war.
28). Great Lakes: A Brief History of U.S. Coast Guard Operations
The Great Lakes provide a natural waterway for the transportation of goods from the rich American heartland. Together, they form the most important inland waterway in North America. As early pioneers and commerce pushed westward through this great waterway, the federal government provided four small organizations that helped those who sailed upon the lakes and provided a maritime federal law enforcement presence in the old Northwest.
29). A History of Coast Guard Operations on the Gulf Coast and the Western Rivers part II
In 1903, the Service was transferred from the Treasury Department to the Department of Labor and Commerce. in 1932, the Steamboat Inspection Service and the Bureau of Navigation were combined into the Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection. The Bureau was completely reorganized in 1934, and two years later renamed the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation.
30). A History of the Coast Guard in the Southeast United States part II
U.S. Life-Saving Service:
Storm Warriors and Soldiers of the Surf
The Service gained its greatest reputation from the activities of the crews that were stationed along the Outer Banks of North Carolina, commonly known as the "Graveyard of the Atlantic."
The Life-Saving Service has its origins in volunteer organizations that launched small boats from shore-based stations to aid ships wrecked on or near the beach.
31). The Coast Guard in the Pacific Northwest part II
The first lightship on the West Coast was the Columbia River Number 50. The ship was built by the Union Iron Works of San Francisco and began her service in 1892. The next lightship assigned to the Pacific Northwest took station at Umatilla Reef, about halfway down the coast of Washington, in 1898. The third, and last, lightship location in the region was at Swiftsure.
32). Southwest Pacific: A Brief History of U.S. Coast Guard Operations part II
The next predecessor agency of the U.S. Coast Guard in the Southwest is the one that probably most shaped the general public’s perception of the Service as a lifesaver - the U.S. Life-Saving Service. The mission of this service was to launch small boats in an effort to rescue people shipwrecked close to shore. The Service began as a series of volunteer shore-based rescue stations along the Eastern Seaboard.
33). U. S. Coast Guard - A Historical Overview - part five
Military Readiness
The Coast Guard, through its forefathers, is the oldest continuous seagoing service and has fought in almost every war since the Constitution became the law of the land in 1789. Following the War of Independence (1776-83), the Continental Navy was disbanded and from 1790 until 1798, when the U.S. Navy was created, the revenue cutters were the only national maritime service.
34). U. S. Coast Guard - A Historical Overview - part six
Also during the Spanish-American War, the Navy assigned the coast watching mission to the U.S. Life-Saving Service. As a result, approximately two-thirds of the Navy's coastal observation stations along the coastline of the U.S. were Life-Saving Stations. At no time was the elusive Spanish fleet observed along our coastline, but the 24-hour-a-day job was accomplished by a Coast Guard predecessor.
35). U. S. Coast Guard - A Historical Overview - part eight
On 11 September 2001, terrorists from Osama bin Laden's Al Qaeda network, hijacked four commercial aircraft, crashing two into the World Trade Center in New York and one into the Pentagon in Washington, DC (the fourth aircraft crashed around Shanksville, PA when passengers on board tried to regain control from the terrorists). USCG units from Activities New York were among the first military units to respond in order to provide security and render assistance to those in need.
36). The coast guard at war part IV
World War I
The outbreak of World War I in 1914 saw cutters become responsible for enforcing U.S. neutrality laws. With the declaration of war against Germany on 6 April 1917, a coded dispatch was transmitted from Washington to every cutter and shore station of the Coast Guard. Officers and enlisted men, vessels and units, were transferred to the operational control of the Navy Department.
37). U.S. Lighthouse Service uniforms
The United States Lighthouse Establishment was formed in 1789 by Congress and placed under the Treasury Department. It was transferred to the Commerce and Labor Department in 1910 and finally was transferred to the Coast Guard in 1939. Uniforms were prescribed for lighthouse keepers, their assistants, lightship personnel, lighthouse tender crewmen and the supply depot personnel, though the date of the first uniform regulation is not known.
38). Policy changes / major events & their influence on the missions & capabilities of the U.S. Coast guard and its predecessor services part II
Merger of the Life-Saving Service and the Revenue Cutter Service to create the Coast Guard, 1915
The Coast Guard was created by the merger of these two services, effective in 1915. The law specifically stated that the Coast Guard "shall constitute a part of the military forces of the United States."
President Woodrow Wilson creates the Interdepartmental.
39). How many Coast Guard Districts are there?
Much like the Coast Guard’s organizational composition, the Coast Guard’s district system has gone through numerous iterations. The district system of organization was initially created for the Lighthouse Service. Established by an act of Congress on 7 June 1838, there were six districts on the Atlantic Coast and two on the Great Lakes. This number increased as the nation continued to grow with westward expansion and the acquisition of Alaska and Hawaii.
40). African Americans in the United States Coast Guard part I
The primary federal agency with maritime authority for the United States, the U.S. Coast Guard is the smallest of the United States’ five armed services. A full-time military organization with a true peacetime mission, the service numbers 90,000 strong with all components added in, including Coast Guard Reserve and Coast Guard Auxiliary.
Spanning more than 200 years, the history of the Coast Guard is as diverse as it is long.
41). History of the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary part II
War
In its original form the Coast Guard Reserve lasted less than two years. By early 1941 the Coast Guard was preparing for war. Events in Europe had demonstrated what demands for manpower and boats the service could expect to confront when, as now seemed inevitable, the United States entered the Second World War.
On February 19, 1941 Congress passed a law restructuring the Coast Guard Reserve.
42). A History of Women in the Coast Guard part I
Women have been performing Coast Guard duties longer than there has been a Coast Guard. At least one professional ancestor of the modern female Coast Guardsman predated the federal government itself. In 1776, John Thomas joined the Army to fight in the Revolutionary War. His wife, Hannah, took over his job as keeper of Gurnet Point Light, near Plymouth, Mass.
43). The Coast Guard and the Environment: Significant incidents
974: METULA
A Shell tanker, the Metula, grounded in the Strait of Magellan, with a 64-million-gallon cargo of crude, more than twice the size of the Torrey Canyon’s load. In a remote area noted for adverse sea and weather conditions, the cargo had to be removed to allow the vessel to be re-floated. Three ADAPTS units, along with Coast Guard personnel, were dispatched at the request of the Chilean government and succeeded in removing 50,000 tons of crude from the vessel.
44). The Coast Guard along the North Atlantic Coast part I
From the craggy coast of Maine, to New Jersey’s sandy beaches, the Atlantic coast is speckled with legends, like seashells. Legends told by sailors and flatlanders alike, of wonderful sailing ships, fierce blizzards and terrible wrecks; legends that are the lore and lure of the sea. Storytellers still recount the adventures of the surfmen who braved the gale to rescue the victims of shipwrecks, or the lonely vigil of the lighthouse keeper.
45). A History of Coast Guard Operations on the Gulf Coast and the Western Rivers part I
In the nineteenth century the United States government had four small maritime organizations that assisted in saving lives, enforcing federal maritime laws, guiding mariners safely to their destinations, and inspecting ships to insure the safety of passengers. In time, these organizations were amalgamated to form the modern day U.S. Coast Guard. The history of the U.
46). The Coast Guard in the Pacific Northwest part I
The establishment of the U.S. Coast Guard in the states of Washington and Oregon is tied to the increase in maritime trade during the western expansion of America. Great Britain and Spain controlled the area encompassing the present day Pacific Northwest states prior to 1846. Spain eventually gave up her claim and later, due to pressure from the United States, Great Britain also ceded her land in the region.
47). A history of coast guard aviation part II
During the war, Coast Guard aircraft found one thousand survivors and directed rescue units to the scene. Coast Guard aircrews rescued one hundred survivors additionally by landing in the open sea [below: Hall PH-2 medevac, circa 1942]. On occasion, the aircraft had to taxi ashore because weight of those rescued prevented the aircraft from taking off.
48). U. S. Coast Guard - A Historical Overview - part four
In the early 1960s, law enforcement once again assumed increased significance. In 1959, Fidel Castro took power in Cuba and within two years, the Coast Guard established patrols to aid refugees and to enforce neutrality, interdicting the transportation of men and arms. This responsibility peaked in 1965 due to increased restrictions on immigration from Cuba and then abated until the Mariel Boatlift of 1980.
49). U. S. Coast Guard - A Historical Overview - part eleven
Preventive Safety
Safety at sea requires preventative and corrective measures. Too much is as bad as too little. A ship is similar to a delicately tuned instrument. If excessive cost and weight are devoted to safety, the ship will not be competitive and probably will never be built. Throughout the history of commercial vessel safety, there has been the constant struggle to provide a balance between the greatest degree of safety and reasonable cost.
50). The coast guard at war part II
War of 1812
With the War of 1812, augmenting the Navy with shallow-draft craft became a one of the services primary wartime missions. During the war’s opening phases Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin requested from Congress, "small, fast sailing vessels," because there were, "but six vessels belonging to the Navy, under the size of frigates; and that number is inadequate.
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